Session 01: Immune System and Immunology

The immune system is a host protection system that includes several biological structures and processes in a disease-protecting organism. Immunology is a diverse and growing discipline that can be defined as the study of the mechanisms of host defences involving tissues, cells and molecules. Immunologists try to understand the nature of the immune system, how the body protects itself against infection and what happens when everything goes wrong.

The current world of immunological research has expanded considerably, even in the current environment of highly interdisciplinary and collaborative science, future immunologists will probably need to be at least familiar with computational, structural and system biology, nanotechnology and tissue engineering for example. At the same time, from primarily a host defence mechanism to a fundamental homeostatic system with organism-wide physiological and clinical significance and potentially transformative biotechnological and therapeutic applications, our perspective of the immune system has gradually developed.

The current world of immunological research has expanded considerably, even in the current environment of highly interdisciplinary and collaborative science, future immunologists will probably need to be at least familiar with computational, structural and system biology, nanotechnology and tissue engineering for example. At the same time, from primarily a host defence mechanism to a fundamental homeostatic system with organism-wide physiological and clinical significance and potentially transformative biotechnological and therapeutic applications, our perspective of the immune system has gradually developed.

Session 02:  OncoImmunology

Oncoimmunology or Cancer Immunology is one of immunotherapy's most popular applications. The tumor microenvironment is a major aspect of cancer biology, leading to tumor initiation, tumor growth and therapy responses. The primary focus of Cancer Immunology Researches is to learn how the immune system works or does not work against cancer. The success of cancer immunotherapy in recent years, including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), cancer vaccinations, adoptive cancer therapy and immune regulation point therapy, has revolutionized conventional cancer treatment. New plan of actions for blocking immune control point regulators, overcoming immune resistance such as engineered T-cell therapy or identifying novel tumor antigens through next-generation sequencing have now opened a new age of immunotherapy for cancer.

Session 03: Autoimmune Diseases and HIV

Autoimmune diseases arise when inherited autoimmunity progress to pathogenic autoimmunity. Genetic factors as well as environmental causes dictate this development. The global market size of Autoimmune Disease Therapeutics was $109,833 million in 2017 and is expected to reach $153,320 million by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of 4.2% 2018-2025.

HIV is a category of diseases caused by human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV weakens the immune system and impedes the ability of the body to combat disease as they destroy T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. There is no treatment for HIV at the moment, but there are many clinical studies devoted to a cure. Developing an HIV vaccine would save millions of lives. Share your research findings on Autoimmunity and HIV to the world; this can be possible by our Immunology Congress.

Session 04: Transplantation and Computational Immunology

Transplantation, the process of moving cells, tissues and organs from one location to another to replace or repair damaged or ill organs and tissues. During transplantation, the immune system plays an important role. In transplant medicine, immunological research has led to enormous advances. Nevertheless, the most formidable obstacle to successful transplantation remains immune rejection. Continued research is needed to find ways to mitigate the risk of rejection, enhance diagnosis and sustain the transplant's long-term survival, all of which would have a significant impact on the supply of strained tissue.

Computational immunology is a research discipline that combines approaches to immunology from high-throughput genomics and bioinformatics. This usually aims to turn immunological information into computational problems, solving them by using mathematical and statistical methods and then translating the findings into definitions of immunological significance. The Immunology Conference is an excellent platform to discuss with co-researchers and students in order to know more interesting developments in this field.

Session 05:  Immunogenetics

Immunogenetics is the medical genetics science which explores the interaction between the immune system and genetics. This involves researching normal immunological processes and discovering genetic variations that lead to immune deficiencies, which can lead to the discovery of new immune disease therapeutic targets.

Immunogeneticist’s main focus is on recognizing, characterizing and sequencing genes coding for multiple receptors and immune response mediators. Scientists have been able to perform blood transfusions and organ transplants safely by researching Immunogenetics as well as treating autoimmune diseases such as diabetes. In future, Immunogenetics will have a wide platform for young pioneers in research and the development of technologies will facilitate gene-related corrections.

Session 06: Stem Cells Immunology

In addition to being commonly used for regenerative medicine, stem cells are also considered a useful tool in cancer treatment. Stem cells have long been used to renew the immune system for patients treated with radiation or chemotherapy. Stem cells have recently been designed to bring therapeutic reagents to target tumor sites. Cancer vaccines are researched and tested for cancer treatment based on knowledge of cancer stem cells. Using in-duced pluripotent stem cells, active T cells were created to support immunotherapy for cancer. These are due to stem cell's unique characteristics, such as immunological tolerance, migration and tissue repair. Stem cells are used as carriers for carrying drugs or therapeutic vector viruses to tumors in gene therapy for cancer treatment.

Current research reveals a wide range of ways in which stem cells are designed to fight diseases such as cancer. A breakthrough in this field was created by the recent discovery of reprogramming patient-derived cells. There is no doubt that in the future of cancer treatment, stem cell technology will play a major role.

Session 07: NeuroImmunology

The study of the relationship between the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the immune system is Neuroimmunology. Neuroimmunology helps develop new pharmacological treatments for various neurological conditions. Neuroinflammation and neuroimmune activation have been shown to play a role in the ethology of a number of neurological disorders such as stroke, disease of Parkinson and Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, pain and depression associated with HIV, etc.

Cognitive neuroscience becomes a very powerful way for understanding human cognition, while results can explain functional brain structure, such as operations undertaken by a certain brain area and the network of decentralized, distinct neutral area that support a particular psychological representation. Here is a scientific meeting your new challenges at Immunology Symposium.

Session 08: Haematopoietic, Lymphoid Malignancies and Immune System Development

Tumors that affect the blood, bone marrow, lungs and lymph system are haematopoietic or lymphoid malignancies. Hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue malignancies include leukaemias, myeloproliferative neoplasms; dyscrasia of plasma cells and neoplasms of dendritic cells. The immune system takes on a double job malignant growth: it counteracts the outgrowth of tumor cells and also shapes the tumor cells immunogenicity. Cells of the disease can defeat the immune system by preventing the activation of T lymphocytes.

In order to focus on these T lymphocyte induction modulators, new immunotherapies have been created. The immune checkpoints, defined as immune system atoms that either turn a flag up or turn a flag down. Through representing T cell function, the vast majority of malignancies protect themselves from the immune system. According to the current research report, an expansion in the interest of profitable is the most essential driver of the market

Session 09: Thyroid Autoimmunity

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also called Hashimoto's syndrome, is an autoimmune disease, a disorder in which the immune system switches against the body's own tissues. For people with Hashimoto, the thyroid is damaged by the immune system. AITD can be considered the most common endocrine autoimmune disease. The clinical entities found in AITDs are diverse and vary depending on whether there is predominance in the patient of a state of hypothyroidism (HT), hyperthyroidism (GD) or both painless thyroiditis (PT), postpartum thyroiditis (PPT) and sub-acute thyroiditis (SAT). There is a need for an international consensus to diagnose AITD accurately.

Among these patients, regular CVD screening should be considered. These findings may help further the study of AD's common mechanisms, improve patient satisfaction and identify public health policies, especially for patients with RA. The current trend and future aspects can be learned and shared by our Immunology Workshop.

Session 10: Allergy and Immunology

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions attributable to the hypersensitivity of the immune system triggered by typically harmless factors in the environment. The division has active research programs based on laboratory, clinical research and publishes more than 50 scientific papers per year. The research programs concentrate on inner-city asthma, the role of allergy sensitivity to the environment in allergic disease, the natural history of food allergy, food allergy treatment, and immune dysfunction pathogenesis in ataxia telangiectasia. In this decade, there is a real cure on the horizon.

Session 11: Immunization and Vaccination

Public health’s goal is to prevent illness. Preventing an infection is much easier and much more cost-effective than treating it. Immunization is a means of providing effective defence against many dangerous and harmful pathogens by stimulating the immune system of an organism.

The development of vaccines against more complex infections such as tuberculosis, malaria and aids has been challenging and has been modest to date. The final success of these infections that involve multiple vaccines, each of which activates a different arm of the immune system. In the longer term, many non-infectious diseases are likely to be used to stop or modulate the course. Therapeutic cancer vaccines have already made progress and potential future targets include obesity, diabetes, asthma and Alzheimer's disease.

Session 12: Immunoresearch and Immunotechnology

Immunotechnology is a technique that incorporates the immune system's cells and molecules. Advances in immunodiagnostic technologies provide the foundation for the design of antigen detection platforms capable of meeting strict tolerance, specificity, rate of assay, robustness and simplicity requirements. Emerging technologies broaden our understanding of the human immune system, but capitalizing on its development would probably require theoretical and functional changes in the way research is conducted.

Session 13: Immune Response Regulation

MOLECULAR MECHANISMS

Immune Response Regulation, Molecular Mechanisms. The effective immune response is an outcome of the reaction between antigen and a network of immunologically competent cells. Effective immune responses are usually resulted from the interactions between pathogens and a network of immunologic elements. The innate immune response consists of physical, chemical and cellular defenses against pathogens. The main purpose of the innate immune response is to immediately prevent the spread and movement of foreign pathogens throughout the body.

May include abstracts focusing on

• Signal Pathways in Immune Cell Development, Regulation and Activation
• MHC: Evolution and Polymorphisms
• Molecular Aspects of Repertoire Formation (Recombination, Isotype Switching, Somatic Mutation)
• Transcriptional Regulation of the Immune System
• Structural Biology of Immune Regulation

CELLULAR MECHANISMS

The mechanisms of innate immunity provide the initial defense against infections. Adaptive immune responses develop later and require the activation of lymphocytes. Innate and adaptive immune responses are components of an integrated system of host defense in which numerous cells and molecules function cooperatively.

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Cellular Mechanisms of Host Defense
• Crosstalk of Complement with Other Immune Systems
• Ontogeny of Host Defense Mechanisms

Session 14: Microbial Parasitic and Fungal Immunology

Microbial Immunology expects studies examining responses to any microbial agent, including viruses, bacteria and parasites. The Microbiology, Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology concentrate on the study of host-pathogen interactions at the molecular and cellular levels

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Cellular Responses to Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal Pathogens
• Immuno pathogenesis of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal Infection
• Innate Immunity Against Bacterial, Parasitic, and Fungal Pathogens
• Mechanisms of Host Invasion, Evasion, and Resistance

Immunity to Malaria

Immunity to sporozoites injected by mosquite .Mediated by antibody that prevents infection of liver cells.Immunity to parasites in liver cells.Mediated by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-!Not lytic activity but IFN-! prevents replication of parasite Immunity to parasites in red blood cellsExponential growth stage and symptoms of disease.TH1 cells produce IL-2 and IFN-! (proinflammatory cytokines).M" activated and destroy infected RBCTH2 cells drive specific Ab production blocks invasion of new RBC Destroys infected RBCs through complement activation Enhances phagocytosis by M" through FcR Overproduction of TH1 cytokines

Important for parasite control

Produces life threatening complications of cerebral malaria, Anemia and other symptoms. Sequestration of parasites in the brain leads to the Production and release of proinflammatory cytokinesTH1 cytokines IFN-! IL-2, TNF, IL-1.Mediate the brain lesions and neurologic damage NO produced by cerebral endothelium interferes with Neurotransmission.

Immunity to Schistosomiasis

Correlative evidence: high IL-4, IL-5, and IgE individuals remain un-reinjected .High IFN-g in individuals who were reinvested. Disease is due to TH2-directed granulomatous response to worm egg antigens B cells proliferate and produce IL-10 IL-10 stops stimulation of APCs Down modulates the size of the granuloma

Session15: Mucosal and regional Immunology

Mucosal immune responses must discriminate between molecular signals that reflect a threat to the host versus those that are benign or even enhance health. This wisdom is achieved through mechanisms of antigen recognition, immune regulation, and the selection of effector responses that are tailored specifically to protect the delicate tissues and their physiologic functions.

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Protective Mucosal Immune Responses
• Influences on Mucosal Immunity
• Mucosal Tolerance and Disease
• Role and Regulation of IgA
• Immunology of Pregnancy
• Immunologically Privileged Sites

Session 16: Technological Innovations in Immunology

Emerging technologies are broadening our understanding of the human immune system, but capitalizing on their application will likely require philosophical and practical changes to the way research is done.

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Technology Development and Applications

Session17: Therapeutic approaches to autoimmunity

An inapt immune response of the body against own cells and tissues normally present in the body is defined as autoimmune disorder or disease. Autoimmune diseases can be classified into organ specific and tissue specific. The main causes of autoimmune disorders are not yet known, but symptoms often includes fatigue, muscle aches, and low fever. However, sometimes symptoms can worsen up leading to inflammation

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Therapeutic Modulation of Tolerance and Autoimmune Disease in Animal Models
• Development of Therapies for Human Autoimmune Disease

Session18: Vaccines and Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy drugs help your immune system work harder or make it easier for it to find and get rid of cancer cells. Several immunotherapy drugs have been approved to fight cancer, and hundreds more are being tested in clinical trials

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Mucosal Vaccine Development and Immune-Based Therapies
• Therapy of Asthma and Hypersensitivity Responses
• Vaccine Development for Infectious Disease
• Immunotherapeutic Strategies Against Pathogens
• Tumor Vaccine Development and Immune-Based Therapies

Session19: Veterinary and Comparative Immunology

Comparative immunology as the basis of initiatives looking to understand the biology of animal disease across several species and manage the potential for infectious disease transmission across animal and human populations.

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Comparative Immune Responses to Pathogens/Tumors
• Evolution and Genetic Regulation of the Immune System
• Hematopoiesis and Development
• Differentiation and Selection

Session 20: Viral Immunology

Viral immunology focusses on viral infections and immune responses towards viral infections which can cause deleterious effect on the functions of the cells. It includes both DNA and RNA viral infections. Related Journals of Viral Immunology.

May include abstracts focusing on:

• Cellular Responses to Viral Pathogens
• Immunopathogenesis of Viral Infection
• Innate Immunity Against Viral Pathogens
• Mechanisms of Host Invasion, Evasion, and Resistance (including HIV)

Session 21: Immune Disorder

Immune system disorders cause abnormally low activity or over activity of the system. Treatment for autoimmune diseases generally focuses on reducing system activity. The blood cells within the body's system help protect against harmful substances. These substances contain antigens. The system produces antibodies against these antigens that enable it to destroy these harmful substances. once you have an auto-immunedisease, your system doesn't distinguish between healthy tissue and potentially harmful antigens. As a result, the body triggers a reaction that destroys normal tissues. The exact explanation for autoimmune disorders is unknown. One theory is that some microorganisms (such as bacteria or viruses) or drugs may trigger changes that confuse the system. this might happen more often in folks that have genes that make them more vulnerable to autoimmune disorders.

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Lupus
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Multiple sclerosis
• Guillain
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
• Psoriasis
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Session 22: Neonatal and Pediatric Immunology

Neonatology could also be a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is typically practiced in neonatal medical care units (NICUs). Neonatal Nurse Practitioners (NNPs) are advanced practice nurses that concentrate on neonatal care. They are considered providers and sometimes share the workload of NICU care with resident physicians. They are ready to treat, plan, prescribe, diagnose and perform procedures within their scope of practice, defined by governing law and therefore the hospital where they work. A medical doctor who focuses on this area is understood as a pediatrician, or paediatrician. Pediatric physiology directly impacts the pharmacokinetic properties of medicine that enter the body. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of medicines differ between developing children and grown adults. Despite completed studies and reviews, continual research is required to raised understand how these factors should affect the choices of healthcare providers when prescribing and administering medications to the pediatric population.

• Absorption
• Distribution
• Metabolism
• Elimination
• Neonatal cancer
• Neonatal conjunctivitis
• Neonatal lupus erythematous

Session 23: Veterinary Allergology

Allergic diseases are frequently observed in veterinary practice. With increasing standards in veterinary care, intradermal testing and allergen immunotherapy were introduced to small animal practice within the mid‐nineteen hundreds; later, serum testing for allergen‐specific IgE was developed for dogs, cats and horses. Although a topic asthma is rare within the dog and not much is known with regard to rhinitis, atopic eczema may be a frequently encountered disease in small animal practice and attention of research in veterinary dermatology. Horses develop skin and respiratory disorders that are attributed to allergy. While recurrent airway obstruction, previously called ‘heaves’, has many similarities to human asthma, the simplest understood allergic disease in horses is insect‐bite hypersensitivity. an efficient treatment for this disease still remains elusive. The dog, cat and horse, although data on the main allergens relevant for dogs, cats and horses are limited. In contrast to environmental allergens, studies evaluating food allergens in medicine are rare. Food rechallenges after elimination diets are notoriously difficult and not performed during a double‐blinded fashion.

• Zoonotic bacteria
• Allergic Reactions to venom
• Parasite vaccines
• Veterinary viral vaccines
• Inhalant allergy

Session 24: Diagnostic Immunology

Immunology is that the study of molecules, cells, and organs that structure the system. The function of the system is to acknowledge self-antigens from non-self-antigens and defend the body against non-self (foreign) agents. Through specific and non-specific defence mechanisms, the body’s system is during a position to react to microbial pathogens and protect against disease. If the inflammation remains aggravated, antibody-mediated immune reaction is activated and differing kinds of immune cells are engaged to resolve the disease. The system consists of cellular and humoral elements. to assist within the diagnosis of disease caused by infectious microorganisms, immunoassays are developed. Serum is then isolated and thus the concentration of antibodies is measured through various methods. Most assays believe the formation of giant immune complexes when an antibody binds to a specific antigen which can be detected in solution or in gels. Recent methods employ pure antibodies or antigens that are immobilized on a platform which are often measured using an indicator molecule. These methods provide high sensitivity and specificity and have become standard techniques in diagnostic immunology.

• Immunoglobulin-G
• Immunoglobulin-M
• Serology
• Precipitin
• Erythrocytes
• Agglutination

Session 25: Novel Corona virus (COVID-19)

Corona viruses are positive sense single stranded RNA viruses that cause infection in nose, sinuses, or upper throat. It belongs to family of SARS and MERS. COVID-19 is the illness caused by SARS-COV-2, first outbreak occur Wuhan city in China. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is not defined but reports from many countries indicate that the virus has the same mechanism by which it enters or invades host cells as SARS-COV. The origin of SARS-CoV-2 is not well-established, however, it is established that bats are the source of related viruses and that human to human transmission plays a critical role in its pathogenesis  After entering into target cells following Spike protein association with its receptor , viral RNA is encapsulated and polyadenylated, and encodes various structural and non-structural polypeptide genes. These polyproteins are cleaved by proteases that exhibit chymotrypsin-like activity. Although transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is the major protease associated with CoV activation and has been linked to SARS-CoV-2 activation, recent evidence from single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis shows that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are not expressed in the same cell suggesting the involvement of other proteases such as cathepsin B and L in this process.

In general, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize invading pathogens including virus’s .Viruses elicit several key host immune responses such as increasing the release of inflammatory factors, induction and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and increasing the synthesis of type I interferons (IFNs), which are important in limiting viral spread. Both the innate and acquired immune response are activated by SARS-CoV-2. CD4 + T cells stimulate B cells to produce virus-specific antibodies including immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgM and CD8 + T cells directly kill virus-infected cells (Figure 1). T helper cells produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators to help the other immune cells. SARS-CoV-2 can block the host immune defense by suppressing T cell functions by inducing their programmed cell death e.g., by apoptosis. Furthermore, the host production of complement factors such as C3a and C5a and antibodies are critical in combating the viral infection

In patients with COVID-19, the white blood cell count can vary between leukopenia, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia, although lymphopenia appears to be more common Importantly, the lymphocyte count is associated with increased disease severity in COVID-19 Lymphopenia and lower lymphocyte counts indicated a poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients ICU patients suffering from COVID-19 have lymphocyte counts of 800 cells/μl and a reduced chance for survival. The etiology and mechanisms of lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients is unknown but SARS-like viral particles and SARS-CoV RNA has been detected in T cells suggesting a direct effect of SARS virus on T cells potentially through apoptosis.

A glance at Market Analysis of Immunology 

Molecular Immunology 2019 takes a look at the worldwide market visit which centers around Immunology and Immunogenetics its classes and the yearly market esteems for the meds to basic immunological infections and the deadliest auto resistant maladies.

The recent market value on immunology investigate that has been given by the research analyst in the US finishes up saying the worldwide Immunology and molecular medication showcase in the UK is $4.8 billion whereas it is in $11 billion in the USA. It is normal that the market value along the immunology and molecular research will give a climb over the world with $24 billion of every 2018.

An ongoing report from the Global Business Intelligence (GBI) states that the worldwide immunology treatment advertise break down is set to grow from the $61.5 billion of every 2015 to an expected $74.2 billion out of 2022, in spite of numerous approaching expiries of the attacked host of immunology treatment. It likewise recommends that there various inevitable items anticipated that would accomplish solid yearly wage incomes amid the conjecture years, despite the fact that they are not imagined to achieve more wage contrasted with those that are created by the current most grounded offering immunology items.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), it is evaluated by 2025, 19.3 million malignancy cases are relied upon to be analyzed each year and thus it requests for the expansion in early identification of growth. In this manner, as on account of tumor immunology or immuno-oncology, the higher occurrence of molecular resistant biomarkers is in the immense range to reach $45.55 billion 2022 at a CAGR of 11.6% out of 2020.

A Compound Annual Growth Research (CAGR) examines of the clinical immunology prescription and immunology showcase has given an aftereffect of 3.63%, from $57.7 billion to $74.1 billion of every 2022. The immunology treatment alongside immunization is foreseen to give a higher blockbuster status of the medications in the market in which the key job is played by the ventures amid the gauge time frame. These have been expected with the status of immunological issue that is pipelined to be extensive, different and contains 2000+ items which get trialed over and over by the key item signs. Henceforth, this item s will add to the worldwide immunology showcase fundamentally.

As a fulfillment, the immunology and immunogenetics advertise drives a higher pervasiveness that repositions awesome open doors for the immunologists, specialists, drug specialists, associations and social orders for immunology and immunogenetics for every one of the classes of living creatures including teachers and understudies from the scholarly community over the globe to give a worldwide gathering to dispersal of enormous research work its outcomes, new thoughts and functional advancement encounters.